重磅 | ISO发布建筑3D打印国际标准

2024-06-11

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Abstract

This document specifies quality assurance requirements for additive construction (AC) concerning building and construction projects in which additive manufacturing techniques are used for construction. The requirements are independent of the material(s) and process category used.

This document does not apply to metals.

This document specifies the criteria for additive construction processes, quality-relevant characteristics, and factors along AC system operations. It further specifies activities and sequences within an AC cell (additive construction site) and project.

This document applies to all additive manufacturing technologies in building and construction (load bearing and non-load bearing), structural and infrastructure building elements for residential and commercial applications and follows an approach oriented to the process.

This document does not cover environmental, health and safety aspects that apply to printing facility setup, material handling, operating of robotic equipment, and packing of equipment and/or elements for shipping but material supplier guidelines, robotic solution operating guidelines, and local and regional requirements are applicable.

This document does not cover design approvals, material properties characterization and testing.

建筑行业在劳动力短缺、项目延误、交付周期增加、材料过度使用、大量废弃物和不利的碳足迹影响等方面越来越面临挑战。此外，从市场的角度看，全球建筑需求不断增加，特别是在住房危机持续存在的情况下，基础设施项目（无论是新建还是维护现有结构）也在增加。增材建筑（AC），也被称为建筑用增材制造（AMC）和（3DCP），有望直接解决这些问题。

最近，增材建筑取得了巨大的进展。3D打印的构件有望在耐用性、可持续性、环保性、成本（大规模生产时）、交付速度等方面比传统建筑方法更具优势。然而，如果没有增材建筑的标准，审批、认证和风险缓解将无法实现。

本文件的目的是概述作为建筑行业增材制造结构（住宅或基础设施）生产和交付的基础的要求。

增材建筑AC过程的重要步骤已被明确规定。这些步骤将受到控制和监测，以确保用于原位打印和工厂内预制打印结构的高质量。本文件不打算针对特定技术或材料，因此，根据采用的方法，可以应用子过程。然而，应注意，3D打印的构件应该得到当地认证工程师的批准，并符合当地和地区的规格和要求。

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